Truth and Reconciliation Processes: Aiding community healing through addressing impunity
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New Tactics in Human Rights’ featured online discussion for March will focus on ways in which Truth and Reconciliation processes have and are being implemented to aid community healing.

Some fundamental concepts behind Truth and Reconcilation (TRC) processes include: 1) future reconciliation is necessary for there to be a peaceful co-existence in a country or community; 2) that reconciliation and peaceful coexistence rest upon knowing as complete a picture as possible of the nature, causes and extent of gross violations of human rights that have been committed; and 3) there must be public recognition of the truth that had been hidden for so long by a multitude of falsehoods.

This dialogue seeks to share experiences transitional justice processes known as Truth and Reconciliation Commissions, instituted with the aim of exploring the truth hidden behind pasts characterized by gross abuses of human rights. The conflicts experienced in the countries and contexts of our resource people have unique and particular characteristics. However, we believe that the sharing of these experiences and those of the broader New Tactics community who take part in this dialogue will yield useful lessons for other contexts considering the use of TRC process. Because the effects that violence has on people are always devastating - rippling from the individual to the family to the community to the nation; they demand a treatment that is not only individual, but collective.

There are many questions of importance for our dialogue and we look forward to the many questions that will be raised by the participants. A foundational, and often contentious, question is "What do we mean by ‘truth’?" and as a result, "How do TRC processes deal with the unraveling of differing histories, truths and memories?"

[Photo: Mrs. Cynthia Ngewu before the South Africa Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearing, from the Tactical Notebook, I'll Walk Beside You]

Join our featured resource people and share your own experiences, insights and questions. 

Our featured resource people include:

Galuh Wandita Jose Caetano Guterres Patrick Burgess Jennifer Prestholdt Ahmed K. Sirleaf II Laura Young

Sofia Macher Greensboro Glenda Wildschut Paul Haupt Binta Barry

Row1 L-R: Galuh Wandita, Jose Caetano Guterres, and Patrick Burgess (East Timor TRC); Jennifer Prestholdt, Ahmed K. Sirleaf II, and Laura Young (Liberia Diaspora Project Team)

Row2 L-R: Sofia Macher (Peru TRC); Greensboro TRC process team; Glenda Wildschut, and Paul Haupt (South Africa TRC); Neneh Barry (Sierra Leone TRC)

More biographical information

Table of Contents

The following table of contents was developed to make the dialogue easier to navigate. Important themes and different discussions have been highlighted for archival purposes and for new users. The preferred method of viewing the comments is with "Thread list - expanded" option, which is explained here. Resources mentioned in the Dialogue can be found on this page.

Defining and Justifying

Examples

Working with Truth

Aspects of a TRC

Afterwards


AUmunna's picture

Setting up TRC in Kenay is one thing, but what happen after TRC

 

Neneh Barrie, I really understand what you are saying, I quote you,

"It is clear that every victim would want their perpetrators to be punished; however in a situation where there were massive human rights violations, it would be difficult to punish all the perpetrators."

What is the meaning of Justice to Victims?

Crime hurts, physically, financially, and psychologically for weeks, months and even years after the crime occurs. Now this victims leave in the same communities, with their perpetrators. Their perpetrators are in the government in this country they have been hurt.(Like in Liberia)

There must be a place set up after TRC to helps victims cope with trauma and grief, ensures their rights are not ignored within the judicial system, advocates for change that will make a balanced justice system, and implements community programs for violence prevention. In Liberia what is happening, Former president Charles Taylor, is in Hauge  and see the amount of money that is just going to his court case. If they can take half of that money and just put it for the victims it will be good. How long will  it take to get justice  victims in Sierra Leone? There must be fast way to respond to the victims need.

Restorative justice is one way to respond to a criminal act. Restorative justice puts the emphasis on the wrong done to a person as well as on the wrong done to the community. It recognizes that crime is both a violation of relationships between specific people and an offence against everyone the state.

Restorative justice programs involve the voluntary participation of the victim of the crime and the offender and ideally members of the community, in discussions. The goal is to "restore" the relationship, fix the damage that has been done and prevent further crimes from occurring.

Restorative justice requires wrongdoers to recognize the harm they have caused, to accept responsibility for their actions and to be actively involved in improving the situation. Wrongdoers must make reparation to victims, themselves and the community. In Liberia, Prince Johnson is a wrongdoer and is in the government of Liberia. Is that justice? Allowing him to work in the same country he as commited  human rights abuses.

I really hate Prince Johnson in the government of Liberia.

There are so many tensions between Victims and Perpetrators in Liberia.
Prince Yormie (or Yeomi) Johnson is a Liberian political and former military figure. He was elected to serve as a senator in the Liberian congress in the historic 2005 election.
Johnson was born in Nimba County, in the east-central interior of the country. In 1990, Johnson was allied with Charles Taylor as part of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), which crossed the border from Côte d'Ivoire and began operations in Liberia on Christmas Eve, 1989. However, an internal power struggle resulted in Prince Johnson leading a faction of fighters which he named the Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL). In spite of ECOMOG opposition, INPFL forces captured most of the capital, Monrovia, late in the summer of 1990, and Johnson's supporters abducted President Samuel Doe at ECOMOG headquarters, the Free Port of Liberia.
Although Johnson has recently denied killing Doe, there is no question that Doe was brutally executed in Johnson's custody on September 9, 1990, as the spectacle was videotaped and seen on news reports around the world. The video shows Johnson sipping a Budweiser as Doe's ear is dismembered. Ahmadou Kourouma also accused Prince Johnson of war crimes (abduction and torture of several Firestone's executives) in his book "Allah is not obliged".
Shortly after Doe's death, Johnson allied with UN-supported ECOMOG peacekeepers in capturing the Liberian capital. Subsequently, Johnson briefly claimed the presidency of Liberia in the fall of 1990. His claims ended following the consolidation of rebel power by his rival Charles Taylor of the NPFL. In an attempt by the weak national government to reconstruct Liberian politics, the INPFL was recognized at a conference held in Guinea, where Amos Sawyer was elected president. However, Johnson was forced to flee to Nigeria in fear of rebel forces supporting Taylor. He returned to Liberia in March 2004, stating his intention to return to politics by running for a senate seat in Nimba County; however, he left Liberia again on 7 April, apparently due to death threats he had received from the country's dominant rebel group, the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD).
In the October 11, 2005 elections, Johnson contested and won a Senate seat representing Nimba County, despite having a reputation for wartime brutality and having committed gross human rights abuses. He is the chair of the Senate's defense committee.
Can we have him prosecuted in Liberia? How long will take and how much money will the government spend on him? When he is working as Senetor in Liebira where he commited Human Rights abuses. Can his victims get justice? Which type of Justice will the victims get in Liberia? After the TRC after there must be a restorative Justice programs set up in Liberia. Will the government of Liberia really do? Thease are the thing we need to talk about when it comes to setting up TRC in Kenya.

All restorative justice programs have some common elements. They seek healing, forgiveness and active community involvement. The programs can take place at different times after a crime has occurred - sometimes after charges have been laid; sometimes after an accused has been found guilty of an offence.

Some examples of restorative justice programs include:

victim offender mediation;

family group conferencing;

sentencing circles;

consensus-based decision-making on the sentence; and

victim offender reconciliation panels.

Good restorative justice programs have well-trained facilitators who are sensitive to the needs of victims and offenders, who know the community in which the crime took place and who understand the dynamics of the criminal justice system. Did this ever happen in Sierra Leone or any other TRCs in Africa? Will it happenin Liberia after the TRC finish their work? It is not just setting up TRCs but after TRCs what can be done to help us rebuild our countries. These are questions Kenya have to ask.

Agnes M.F. Kamara-Umunna

Radio Producer/Pres

Agnes M.F. Kamara-Umunna